






   1996 05





















 - 


 .,  ./ 


-95  409-    "".  1970 .

 

 1950 . ..            950 /    13000 ,     ...  ,   -23        -4,       5    .  ,  ,     .                :            50- .        .

       :            -156* (   ..)   1948 .         "        ".    , ,                 80-160      25-35'   1/4 .         -16,             -85.  ,     -         -156  1950 .      ,   "95".        150     35'    9.          .           "85".

          :     -3;     -10   -3;   -10     -;     -4   -3;   -10.        274  400 2,  - 6,8  11,75,   -    45'.       :    ,  -   .  ,         13000        12000-15000 ...        0,25 /...  .       200 ,      10000  -  800 /,   - 1500 .        9000  (,  -3)          10000      2000 .         900 /.     ,   -   ,          ,      ,    ,    .

       -2,   -276   ..    Jumo 022,   5000 ...   ,   022,   1950 .    .    -2   6250 ...   -276     -10  - 12    10000  12000 ...             1,5-2 ,      "95".

*   ,       ..        50-   60- .        156,   -  "".   70- .     "" . ..,    80-. -. ..,   1992 . -   . ..

           .   -276     --   -2,    .     2-2,      12000'...        ,      .           .       7 ,       .            ,    -120   ... ...        0,78-0,82,       .

           . J ,     ""   -'  . 11  1951 .      ,  ,   i -156   ;    - (   :       2-2           1952 .,     -12            1953 .

   , 15   1951 .      ..      "95".     -   .        ,  , - ,       .     ,      ,            .         15000 ,    17000-18000 ,   750-820 /,   920-950 /,   13000-14000     1500-1800 .

   ,                    .              ,   ,      .       15 ,  - 5 ,    - 9 .  -       ,    ,    ,       -    .

            .    -276   -12     12500 ...,    - 12000 ...   -10200 ...      2-2        6000 ,    -12 -  7500 .         ,             .       32000 ,              .

  "95-1'

31  1951 .   "95"    -    ,         . 15     18         "95"     1  1952 .   1954-55 .     15  ,     24 (   ) -     -12,   -12.      -23 ..     23      -4.       , 1954 , .

 

        -156            .       j    "95"    ..,      -95     -114 ( 70- .    ..,    80- . - ..).

 "95"    ,      .  ,       ,               , ,    .   "95"  ,      .        .               .       ,            ,      .              .           .

        -156    .        -  ,       ,    .    ,       ,       , -  ,     .. , -23      amp;  -4,         : "  ,    ".

   "95-1' ..

    -95

     "95"           ...             ,       .    ,   -156     -23,    :         ,     .        ,    "95"  -4    .           ,       18,                 .

       2-2    -156      -4     .   1952 . -4  .           2-2.

        1951 .,       ,         ,   .    ,       .     "95-1"           156   1951 .

 -1

  1952 .  "95-1" .       -   () ,     20     .       ,        .               ,           -,        .                .

12  1952 .      - ..,   ..-,  ..,  ..,  ..,  ..   .    .   50-  ""   1150 .    .        ,  .       ,   13     . 17   16-          ,        .      "95-1"   21 .       ,        .

         .          ,       156 - ..     - ...        ,   .       ,     ,     .

11   , 17- .     ...   ,      ,       ,  ,    : "   .   .   .     ".  -     : "    ,  ,  , .     ".  ,  - : " .     .     . ".

         ,    -   .        .      -     .         ,    .     . ,       ,      .    10 ,        .   ,    .   ..     ...  ,   ..         ...   ..,  ..,   ..-,    ..-,  ..,  .    ..   .

  

           ...      , , ,  ,     .       .  :"  ,       .      ,   7300,    .        .   ,            ,   .   .    ,  .  .  ,   .  ,      .    5000 ,             ,   ,  .   .  ,  ,     .  ,      -' .   3000       .       ,   -      ". ,   , ,       ,       ,     ,    .

,        ,        ( 1955 . ..     -95      ,   1957 . -  ).   ,       .   ,    ,    (,      ).

                     156     .    ,   ,     -276         .   :    ,   ,   ,   .   -  ..       - . .,    - .                  ,           .

*                 .

   ,  ,       .           ,     .   ,    , ,        .       ,              ,          .

     . ,    ,   .   ,         " ".   ,       .., .., ..  .     .   ,    ,    ,     .     ,       ..    ,     ,   .         , ..       10 ,    ,     .

       ,         -276     276*  ,   30-  40-    2-2         .              , ,   , ,         ,         .           .   ,             .       ,     .         "",      2-2.

   -95

15  1953 .   ,     ,   ,      .   , , ,           "95"  -4. ,            "95"   -12         ,         .      -12           ,      -4. -276       ,  ,     .  ,        "95"  -4.  , ,    -19,   ..,     -19    15000 ...,  - 12300 ...        0,16 /...  .

   -95

   -95

 -2

    "95-2"   -12 ("")     156   1952 .    .        "95-1",        -16.   ""     (  "95-1"    15%,  "" -  3%).   ,     ,  ,   95,    .  ,   1954 .,      ,     "95-2"    :   .        ,  ,    1953 .  .

   -95

   -95

 ,   ,       -12.   1953 .     ,   ,    ,  , ,      ,   ,  -276     .     -12     2-3%,         2-3% .  -12   -4,    1954 .     .

  1954 .  "95-2", ,  -12,         . 21        ,  16      - ..    ..    .           8  1956 .    ""  68     168 .     ,             "95".

 1955 .,  ""      ,  -   ,    ,     ,   .   " "        .     .   ,  .     ,      .                        .         .     .            .   -   ,   -  ""     .     ,       , ,  ,     .

   ""    ..    .., ,    ,      .   "95-2"        .       .       Bear ().       ,      ..    -38.      " "    ,      -20.

 "" .   1955 .     -       ,       .    ,       ,        .      ""   167,2 ,  - 84,44 ,   - 750 /,   880 /,   - 12150 ,   - 2300 .     13900 ,    1100      ,       .

   -95   

  -153  -95-22

 

     ,    18    ,     -95 (  -  "").   1955 .        -   ,     .  -95 ,    "",    2  ,   5%        . 31  1955 .       5800003* (  "5")   5800101 ( - "6").        1  1955 .  28  1956 .

 -95     - ""      -  31    1956 .    "".     882 /,   11300 ,   -15040 . ,   ,     .      1951 .  ,    5800101  20  1956 .  21      ,         -12    15000 ...       172   182 ,    -  80,73   89,53 .    -95 ( "")       -95,        ,    .       - 1957 .,    905 /    12150 .     16750 ,    13000 .   ,         , 26  1957 .    . , -4       9050 .

   1955  1957 .   18  31  -95,    1958 . -  19 -95.       -12,   - -12.  70- .        ,        80- .

*      1960 .      5800003   :  - 1955., -  18,  -  ,  -   . ""  - 003.      ,        "" .

      

    -95  ,           .           -95,       .         XXI .

-95/,   - r-

    -    -          -95 ( "").   - ,              .   -95      -95.

-95,   - r-

  -95/95  80- .               -95.         ,  .           .               .   90- .    -95  .

-95    

 1957-1958 . -156          -95.  -276        -20    18000-20000 ...     . ,                  20000 .        -95       6  6, 5  .        24 .  1958 .     -12         23  40 .  -276       -20,   

  -151   -95

   -95     .

-95

     12  1955 . ( ,      -114) -156         -95  --  -95       .   ,        --    -114.

-95 -  

  60- .               -22, -33, -44, -55  -77,            .

-95,   - r-

20  1960 .         -95 - -95         1961 .        .    -95  -   ,        ,    .  9  1962 .    ,    .    -95  410      - -95-2    .

    -        -95.  -95     (         )   (       ).   "-"     "-1"

  -95 (.  5800101) . -   (    )    -95.

  -95  410     18. 12  1964 .    ,       .            - -4-2,     ,   -95   50  . 19  1964 .  ,    .   60- .    -95     ,          .

 -96

  -95 ( "")      80- .,      -95,    90- . - . -95,   - Bear-D       ,   ,       .  ,        -" ,   "". -      -'  -95 ( - --),   ,         ,    ,    .  ,       .          21  1959 . -156          -95,          .   1960 .   ,     18      1961 .   -95  510  .

*   -142    .

          ,          "",       ,               "-2",     -   ,    "-"    "",        "".

    -         - ... 21  1962 .      ,     4  1963 .  , ,       23    107  37 .      ,        ,              1964 .       22    212  57 .      .     ,               .    30  1966 . -95      .

 1963 .,     ,        .          ""  "-4",           -95.  ,         (   -95).  -95     -142    *.

  -95

  - -95

-96

      "95"    (   16000-17000 )  "96"      -16,       . 29  1952 .    .               1954 .    -     . -276   -16     ,    -   1954 .

  -16    -12      12500 ...,     14000     850 / - 12000 ...,       -0,135/...  . ""       3100 . -120   ..          ,   -12.

   "96" -:    1953 .  :    ' 155     800 /1     16200  ( 7%  ),     -18000 .    - 902 /.  -95      (345,5 2)   (51,4 )       .  ^ -    .        "".         ""     "".        (  )    ( ""   "").

     "96" (   -96)        1953 .,    "95-1"   ,     "".

-95-5   -5

  -16    1954 .,  -96   -   1955 .,       .   -16     ,  -12,         . -276      ,    -96   -12.      1956 .   .  -12,    -12     ,    -16.

    12400 ,    - 15000 ,   - 880 /.

        .                ,        .     -   "-".     1956 .         "96",           50- .

           -96      "100",      ,     .   , -96     "100"    3000   ,        .      "100"      .           .

"99"

  "95-1"  ,  -12  ,  -156           .      -5, -7, -7,     -  ().              - .

 -95     

  -95

-95    

   -95

  -20   -95

       ,   ,   50%       50% -   .        ..  ...     12000 ...      .   -  ( 16000    1000 /)

     0,8 /   ( -5     1,0 /  ).         .                 300-450 2    45'  55'.     150-250 .          .    ,      "95"  -12,   "99"   .   ,     -156   "99"    -7,            ,      1958 .

-95,   - r-

      60- .   ,      ,      .            ,   -           "-".          ,      .

    -95          "-".      :   ,    ,       -. ,           -95  -4 (). 11  1954 .   ,   -156    -95  -  -95  -  -20.     -155 ..     -   -20,         -1   ...

  -20   -20   .        "95"     -20.                "95",       -95,   .  "20"     ,    .   50- .    -20   , , ,    -95   -20.

  -95  26  1954 .      .          :       ""        ,  -    -206          ,              -20.             ,    -20  .

-95-22  

       ,  -20 ,      .

           .      ,    ,     ,                .      -     -156     .        18,             -95  401   404.        -20   .   1  1955 .   31 . 1  1956 .     .         -95.

  -        -95.    4    15  1956 . , ,     ,   15   13  1956 .   ,  24  1957 .,             -20 -  -19,    -20. -155   -:  -    (  -20),  -   (-20).       -95,  ,         -20.  -20,   -     .  i        ,      -.  - .-,      -20.      -20.   6  1957 .   29  1958 .    -20   ,            - .

    -20   15  1958 .  1  1959 .      -95,        1958 . (      ).          ,   -20,      .        ,  ,       .                  .           -20       .    9  1960 .  -20    .

 -95 ( "")    18   1962 .      -95.        80- .,         -95,   .

-95

         -20    -95     -95 ( "").

-95-10

2  1958 .   ,     . .     -95     -10,     -16-10,       .       ,         .  ,       -10    - ,  ,   .

-95

  -95  -20          2000 .      -95           ,  2  1958 .  - ,  -156   -  -     -20.     28  1959 .   -   ,      -156   -95   ,    -16.    ,  -      -95      .       "-",   . 20  1960 .    ,            1961 .

-95       

  -95

-156     ,      18   -95  2103  "". ,   -95 ( ""),      50  .

 -95      ()   ,          ,         ""    -.  ,  -95      .

 -95       5   8  1961 .        -,      .     17   30  1962 .     -95   -4-2.   -95      18  1962 .,         .        -95 (    ).

-95,   - r-

  60- .     -95      -95.       . ,    -1   -4,    -2 -  -3,   -2 -  -3,  -2 -  -;   -5 -  -11,  -4 -  -5.      --  "-1",   -6,       -1      -2,    1-70.        "-4",    -95      -,     .             ,  .

    -20,   -20,        -95-20.        6340-8250 ,   -20  450-600 ,    -   - 260-380 ,      60- .      ,          ,  ,      -20    .               -.

-95-22,   - Bear-G

       70- .    -95.          -22,    -22        .            -156   1963 .,        10 ,   1973 .     -95-22,   - -95-22.

31  1973 .              -95.           1974 .    :           ,  ""   "-",       "",   -206     -22,          -22     -45,   -22.            -  .

30  1975 .     .        80- .  1981 .     -22.    -95  -95-22.  1987 .     .      ,         .

-95-5

  1973 .      33         -95/95  -5.  - ,   -95-26,      -26,  - -16-26    -5.   1976 .         -95    -95-5,             -5,      "",   "-1KB"             .

      1976 .,          .  ,      -95/95 .

-95     

   -95-5           -95.

-95,   - Bear-H:

      -52       AGM-86      -1 -,   -         .  ,    ,     .   ,     - -160,   ,            -500*       -95.

      70- .        -142 (-142)   -142,        -6-5   12   -500,   "".      ,           .        -6-5   .        -95    -6-5    -500  .

  -95       ,   "" (    ).     -142.      1978 .     1979 .:      ,   ,     -6-5. ;   .           ,       .  -12MB    -12           .      ; ( ,  , ,  , ,       ).

   -95    1979 .      ,  ,    , -95       .  1983 .      ,      -95 .     : -95-6        -6-5  -95-16        -     .   ,    ,       ,   ,    ,    .

*    -55. (..)

 -20   -95

 -95     

-95

   -116

  -2,         ,  -    -95-16  .

    -95  .    ,   .  ,       -23       -23 (    23 ).   1983 .     -95    -    "-",   -95.         . -95  ,        -    .

    -95

     Tv-95MP

 - -95

  -95

-95

 1954 .          100-  .  ""  ..  ..       ...      40        -156.        20 ,       -16  -95.     ,   ,    ""  "",      -95   -95.

         ..  ..,          ...    ,              ,         .    1955 .       "",      .   ,    15%   ,         .    ""    7-95-242 (-242)      -206,   .      5-6  9  . -242      ,  .       .        ,    .

17  1956 .   ,   -156      -95      .         ,  -95         .     n- ..  1959.,    ""     .

 ""  ,        :    ,   " "  . -95     ,             .   1961 .,     " ",  ""   .  -95        ,   , ..                (  - 24 ,   - 800 ).

 -95      .             ,       ,     .         30  1961 .      4500 .  ,      .        75  120 .       100 ,         .

  -95    .   ,   70- .       ( )    -144  -.   -95   80- .,      ,      .

-95

30  1955 .          ,     PC  -256   ..  - -95. ,     PC        -95   .           3000 /.     -95  .        12500-13500 . -156    -95    -95.

     ...    1956 .    -256    .     ,     -156  .  PC         -95 (     30-40     ).          .    1957 .   ,     18    ,       .

 1958 .  -    ,          PC. Ty-95H      -156,   60- .       .

-95

   PC,  ..           -30. 31  1958 .   ,  -156     -95-30,      - -95      .             1961 . ,    ,       ,        .     ,     "100"   "113",             .   1960 .   .

-95 -   

  50- -  60- . -156      ,          - -95.  ,    -  " 130".       "".        -95          -15  -52.           .

     -95

 -1 ..   - -7     -156   .

  -95          60- .,   -155 ..   ..-     "".        "105.11",      .      -95  2607.  "105.11"       .     ,        "105.11"    -95. 27  1977 . -         5000     "105.11"    .   1978 .   8  ,        "105.11 "  .           ,   -95 .

-95     ""

22  1960.          -156    18     -95  "",         ""      .       .

-95

  50- .     (),                     --   

 - . 29  1957 .   -156      -95 ("95-2")     -     -6    23-25 .      " 105" (-22).  ""    . -95     1958 .

            ,            .           ,        ,    .           ,      ,     .         . -    172-   371-    .

-95   15 .       ,  , -6, -144, -144-22  -22.   70- .            -16,        - .-,  .         -142.

   -95

F-4E Phantom II "" -95

-95  -119

  50- .      ..        . 12  1955 .   ,   -276 ..  -165 A.M.    ,  -156  -23 -     .    .    ,    .        ,     .

            (),             -95.           -156  ,        ...  1958 .       -95        .    ""    .                    .    -95 ( -   )   -95.     1961 .     34    "",     .          .

  -95        -119 ( "119"),       1965 .    -276       -14,  .  1974 .           "119"  -95.    ,        -36,      .   ,    -    .

-116

12  1955 .  - ,   -156    18       -95    -95 ( "114"),            1957 .          -95    "116"    (..              ).         ""      ,      -14      ,     .  "116"    ,         ,  " 114"    .         "116"   -  1956 .,  28  1956 .             .    "116"  -116    -114 ( ""  "",   "",      ).

   "116"     1956 .,      .  , "116"   400     24 ,       : ,   -,      ,     - 10-12   .        -95.      ,        ,  ,       70,5 3.     .       6-8 , ,   " ", -   .     -.     ,    .    ,      ,         .

       .             .

      ,   -95,     , -, -, ,   .         -.           , ..  -95     .     .    :    ""  ,  1--70   -8,    -4,    -5,  -17  -2,    -50 "",     "-".     ""      .            -5    -12.     77800 ,   66  ,      11190 .

 -116    -95  402   409,    1956  1957 .  ,    7801,     23   4  1957 .,    7802,  3  1957 .,      . 2      -116  ,  8      ,    .      - ..  .., - ..  ..,  ...      -  ..,       -95/142.

    -116  7802       --  8600  (          3000 ).      800 /.      : -()-; -- -; ---; ---- --; - -------------.    ,  28  1958 .      ,     34000 .   -116  7801     - ..    - -    740 /.     -116  7802       ,      -76463.

   -116    -95.          .       -116,     -95  -12  -12,     .  ,   1957 .   -114,       .

      ,      90- .     , , ,    .    -116  7801  ,      .     ,        .

 

   -95    ,      ,     .   ,   ,  ,      .  1955 .      106-        ...          409-  - ..     1956 . 1006-  - ...  1962 .   106-   182-   - ..,   .  ,  -95,  79-      - ..,   .     : 1223-     - ..-(1957 ., -95/95)  1226-  - . (1958 ., -95).

         (,  -16   -95     ),      .    1956 .         -95  .   ,      . 24  1956 .    -95.   .  310       ,      . ,  -12/12      ,          .         .       ,  ,   ,      .   60- .    -12   ,       .

   -4.     

           -95           .

 ,    -95 ,      .        .   "-"       .     ,       -  ,   , "  " (         ).      ,    ,             2 . ,  -52           ,             - .       ,      ,         ,          .

  -95     .    -12   ,        .      ,          .              - ,       3-4     .   ,     ,      3-6 ,       .      ,       ,          .        ,   -12         25.

        (       17  53       ..)    ,  ,  -95,     .   ,    ,    ,       .        -,   1006- .       -95, , ,    - , : "  !".   ,       - ,     .

  -95.     

-95    -4   

  ,         -        ,      .   , ..    .  -    ,           ,       .   ,    ,   ,   :    -  ,  .

    "  ",  -95       .       " "    ,    ""       (),   -   .  :        ,   - .  -95   ""         .       ,          ,     ,              .    :     ""    ( ,  , ),      ..         -95 ,           .        1962 .,    -95    ,      

       ""          .      ,     -95/    -95.       ,       .  70-80- . -95  ,  , .               ,  ,     .

        -95/95     .       ,   45   250 .               .

24  1959 .     -95,      1006-  ..  ...       1226- .      .     1962 .   19   -20,   15   .      .      20 ,            .  1983 .               -20, ..      (   ,   ,   ),   .       ,     .     ,    ""      .   ,       (   !)     .  .   : " ".      ,      .   11- -20   -.    ,  ""  .     ,     ,      1,5     .

 -95             .  ,       .    - 26.08.1965 .       409- .          ,          .      3 :    ,  -   .      .      ,      :          . ,        30'           ,       ,     

        ,   -95   .   ,    106-  - 409-   29.04.1966 .       ,       ,    .         .. ( ),     500- .    ,     .

  ,           -95-22,  ,      -22.  2-3     ,    -22     .       (   )    -95:      ,  .           12- ,    (3670 /)    .     ,    :      350 ,        1100 .        F-14,    6 .              .   ,     :         ,   .           -22       ,   ,    , ,  . ,             .   ,     -22   - ,       ,         .

 ,   -95-22        .        (1993 .)  " ":

"      ,            -95-22. 28   18  03          .       5    1400        .     ,        220      .       3     4    .        140    190    20 .       500     .             F/A-18,      "".         200-300 .  30       ,   100 .      -95-22  ,     ,    .           ".

   ,        -95   .   : "    .          ,    .  -  ,  ,   . . - ,  ?  : "    - !"  "   - !"     ,  ,     !    :     (      ,      )    .   ".

 -95   106-  14  1963 .           ,      ,       "".  ,     -95         15,     .                -2.     ,       .          .       20-40% ,  ,   -,  -95    .       1985 .   79-  .        ,    -95,         ,  .          ,    .      ""      .       -95,  ,     ,      .

   -95  ,        .  ,       ,     .         :   ,         .

   -95      1982 .         ,   ,   1987 . -  .    :    ,        ,     "".    -95 -    .       ,                     .

-95    -78

  ,       . ""     ,     120   .     ,    ,    .         :      " ",      .  ,  F-15    -135      200-300   . ,  ,  "" -95      2000-   ,   300    ,  ""     .

 -95      ,    "".    ()              -52.    -160  ""      ,   1987 .              -31.        8000 .   : "  ,   ,    ".  ,  ""       .

 -95     .           ,     . -,          ,  -,      ,    .   -     ,  ,  ,      ,      .  ,      .    ,         .

-95 -    

   ,          .   -  ,         ,      .            

       , -95     ,      30      .           .   80- .    ""      ,  , " ".      150,     .  ,      ,       ,   .         .

,    ,       . ,      ,     ,     ,        . ,   -95       ,     .

-95-22     .       -22

-95     ,           .

  80- .  ,  -95,      .    ,        .  1986 .       .      ( )    ,  -95           .

     -95.          1964 . -95,   ""       .       "", ""    .    ,    -95        .      " "       .              .  70-80- .             -   ,            - .   1991 .       37  -95.

  -95  -95-22  . , 1994 .

 

          ,    .  -95    :    .       .        ""   ,          .    .. 13  1992.   .   ,      " "      "-".     ,     ..      .      ""

       -95-22  -95       -  . ,       . ,  1993 .    

  . ,      ""      70 .   ,   ,   1993 .,   . -95    ,        ,      .        -78/78.

      ,        ( 1991 . )    . ,      ,           .          .      ,        .        18.01  1.02.1994 .      .   "",       - ., : "-95, . .   - 23 ,  : 7   , 14 -  , 2 -     , ,      ".  ,                  ,    ,    ,   .  ,      , , ,  -     .

        ,   ,          .   :       ,    ,       "" .   ,                ,      ""    .  ,    ,      

 1996 . -95     .              

     " " ../""       -   ..,   ..-  ..,  ..,   ...         - ..-,  ..,  ..,  . . -,  . .   ... 

   ""   .





-95,  

-95,  

 1949 .       .        ,           .       -            ,  ,      ""       .    -4      6000         ,  ,     ,         .               .          ,           ,     .          40- .          .     .

       ..         -4.       "471", "473", "474", "485"  . (    ,  -     ).      -4,    ,     . ,    "473"  "485"        -73,   -  56     -  95 . ,    -    " ",           -200,   -36.

  1947-48 .             .          ,        20000 ,   -      .  ,    ,   15000-16000   .       300-340 2,      2500 .       ,       ,       .      ,       ,    -4,         ,           40- .      50-  60- .

          1949 .  "80"  -80 -   -4        .   ,       -29  -50,     -4,        ,  .  -80    8200 .

  -80       "85"  -85,          1950 .          -4   .        12018 .    10000   638 /.     5000 ,  -  18000 .     ,   ,  ,      ,  .     .     40- .  ,            ,          .

           .              -47  -52.        "V",       .    .     -85,                 -       .





  .


 VIII

 . / 


-24      

       "    1941-45 ."

      .   , 3/4     .      ,       ,      .       :          ,      .  -""     ,    ,    ,       (,  ,             , ,   ,   ).     , ,        .

       15-20              .       ""      -8.        12-15% ,              .    ,   "   ",   .     -,  100-150- .                .      10-12'         ,        1000-1500 .       .   1986 .            ,    ,       .         ,        .

   ,        ,      , ,   ,       ,    .      ,        ,        ,           . " "         ,     (      ).    ,   -    ,     .      -117,   39% -      15% -  ,          ""  (   1986 .      51    17).             ,         " " (        " ").    -9,      .        " ",       .           ,    .

 40- ,           ,   ,         ,        .     :         8-12%  .   -24    360-380 ,   ""   . ,    1986 .  "" -24,   -       1000-    .

   (   - -  ,    "   "),       " ",   " "  " ".

-24   .  1988 .

-24   .  1988 .

          

  -24,     ,   -24  

       50 ,        .   ,     -24     .      ,        ,       ,     ""    ( 1982 .,   ,       -117   ).

                  24 . ,   ,   ,   ,  ""     -""    .        ,   ""        -    -     .    ,   ,        . -  "",      ,       .            ,        .    - , ,    ,     ,    -     .

      ()          - .    450-      ,  ,  4350       -       .        -24,   -2-,                 .  -24   ,   .      :  1500-2000            .          ,    4000 .

 -24  . 4-5-  ,   ,     ,   ,   2/3  ,         ,     -24   ,   ,        (     6  ).   - .       - ,      50-     .   ""    ,  ,     -24  .

         ,   1985 .  , , 42%  25%   -24.     , ,     ,    ,         .   ""       .       " "     15-20 .   1987 .  -24 -        ,    .           .      ,        ,     -17,        ,    .   ,      ""   . 12  1982 .  -24 (    )           .   ""  ,       .       .     , ,  ,  ,    .      "  ",     -   -.

      ,    ,        ,     .        3-4 .       : ",   ",           . 30%         , 55% -    9% -   .    .    ,               .

  :     ,      .    " ",    ,  : 35-          ,     .       1980 .     -       ,       .      (  ,    )    -,     -         (     -5).         :              .   1984 .       ,      .   ,      ,     (          ,       ),         ,     20- "".   ,           ,     ""    -5.

      .   : - . (" "),  .  .     -2-. , 14.08.87 . :  -24     1986 .

           

       45%   . ,    90%   ,    .     ,       ,     40          (    ,  -      ,  ).     -24   ,     " "       -8.     -24  46-48%    26-27%     "".  1985 .    ,      12,7-   "",      -, ""    .         ,       ""  .     ,           ,    ,     .

 -24    -,    .   ,       ,        (            ).

  -24 -  ()     .     

          (),    ,            (   ,           ).            "" .  1986 .  "    "      ,    ,       ,      .

    -24      .     ,  -               1983 .,     .  - -2     ,   1987 . -       , ""           .       -1 "",   :     ,   ""           . ""     ,        ,    .       ,      .  "-"           - (   ""    " ,      !").

 "" ,       ,      ,     ,     .  -24  -8     ,     (   5-6% ,    "" ),   . ,  ,      ,  ""  ,      (       ),          ,      .

      1987 .    90%  ,    ""  7  10.      " "     ,         ,      .         ,         .       ,      ,     .     ,  ,           .       ,      2500 ,   -8.  1986 .             -24.    ,  ,    ,   ,       ,       " ",     .

      ,    :               ,  "" .     ,   - : "   -5       ,  -    ;          ;          20 ,     ".

      . :  .. , 1981 . :  .

  . - .   , 1988 .

       .     1987 .   -      .   ,   ,        .    1987 .     ,      4   10  .   1988 .       " "    .       ,     "",          .  ,        ,   "",   ,      .

          .    1987 .  25 ,         1984 .  .         ,       .  ,    -12  -76    .       -24:     ,         ,    .       ,         .  ,       - ,    , -24    "" -2.          ,          (         "  ").        ,    ""    .

      . 4  1987 .  -8    ,   ""     -.     -24   ,    :   -22 ,  ""   .

     .   ,          .          - ,        ,       .          ,        ,      :               ,     (    .., " ,     ").   ""     ,       .         ,     .        :     " "      ,     .

        : 21   30  1988 .      -24,     2  1989 .       50-  - .    .,      .  -24      333 ,    .

     ""    





""   Schtorch

 ./ ""

   ..


-38 ()  

  1940 .                   Fi 156 Schtorch*.            ..      ..      ,         ( 50 )    .    ,    ""   .   ,      .

              .    Schtorch.    ,         .     ,   ,   .  ,   -    .    "",  Fi 156,    .     -  ..      . ..,        ,          ...             23 -      .

* Fieseler Fi 156 Schtorch ("") -       ,    .  1935 .         MessershmittBf 163, Focke-Wulf FW 186  Siebel SI 201. ""     Cehard Fieseler Werke GmbH    .. ,      1925-31 .         (  )  .          .  1945 .   2549 . Fi 156  20 .  ,     , ,   .

Fi 156 Schtorch    

-38 ()     23. , 14  1940 .

  -38 ()

   

  -38 ( 2)

  1940 .      ,        Schtorch.   ,     ,    -38,   Fi 156,  .

    ,    "".   ,    ( ),    -   2.     ,  ,  ,    ,  -         .

      ,            365   .     -     ANBO  .   1941 .      .       "",   .           . 22         .*         -38   .

 -38 .         ()    .  -    - .   ,  - .        -**.        (40)     15'.                .        .                    .

  -38

 

 -38        -6.        ""  ""   1935 .      . -6       2000     .  ""        2,44 .      140      .

*   ,  -38     1941 .  .  1943. -,   -6,       . 

**   ""   ,   ,      -11,  . .     " " 103  1932 . (    -1, -2  -3.)              "   ",        -   .





.


    - .  III


 ./ 


 - 

        : 1913 ,   1670 . [1]      17 ,  1238 ,  .. 190 -1/3  62 -1.      15- ,      - -3,      .

    11 - .     516 ,   251 - . ,    ,  -2, -2/4  -2.     -2.       -153  -15.

         36- ,   315-  316-     ,   75 .      ,   .  ,  13       (-2, P-Z  ..),    .

     .             .      ,  ,  ,        .      15% .

      ,      .           ,  ,         .    .    ,    .

   ..-     ,       .      19.06.1941 .,     ,          .        ,      . [2]     . ,    4-  "  -   "        10%,       .       . [3]

 ,          .   , ,     ,       .       .         Ju 88.     .          ,   ,         , , . [4]

     800 , ,    ,         .  4  5      5-     (R.von Greim),   4-   . (A.Lohr),  24 ,     . [2]

        ,         . ,  -     164-        .     66-      , .. ,      .             - 34 .       . , . - ..      Ju 88,     .

      

 -15  -153.  : "",  -82,   

-15   . ,  1941 .

      92-   16- .   - ..,     ,         . [5]

    64- ,        ,      : " 12-   19  . 2     (        ). 4        .   12-     12  ". [6]

      .           - .     ,       ,          .       ,   ,  277   . [7]

           87-  - ..-: "22   4  30          : "  ,      , -  .     ". , , ,       ,     

,  .     ,     .   4  50              .  ,        .      Ju 88.         .     ,            .    .       ,     :  10   7 ,            .     4- ,    υ". [2]

  KG 51 ""  KG 54 " " ,  , ,    . [8]      ,      . ,   19  1941 .   I/KG 54 . (R.Linke) " "   ,            240  . [9] ,       .

       -             - .  ,           .        .  4-         .

       ..,   46  ,  ..   .. -. - ..  86-           ,     .    ,      ,      ,     . [10]

    -          .            .   1-     62- ,       . [11]

  -       .           ,              .   ,           .             .

         .-- .., ,    ,      .    1918 .,     ,               ( 1938 .),     ( 1940 .).  ,    1940 . .., : "         .    ,    ". [2]       .

 -10     . ,  1941 .

 4-  .

  ,   ,    ,           . 24             .    ,        1941 .

   

   -,  , -       .  ,   ,  23  21                 9- .      ..     22        .           .                    ,  -    .

    4-  (  . (K.Pflugbeil))         .   ,    240-257 ,         -  800. [12]        KG 27 -  (Ulbrich)  JG 77 -  (Woldenga).        ,       23    3%    .

        20   . [13] ,  4-  - .. -

,   10 ,            ""  3- -. [11]       67-  - ... ,         .        -63  -16          .   1940-1941 . 67-   29  ,    9 . 15  1941 .   -     ,       .



    -153

       55-  ( - ..),    5  15    20  111  18 Bf 109   .        ,     8 -3       .             . [11]

        . ,  20-  (  4-  55- )  ..          :

1.            ,       -     (45- , )    .   ,            .

2.        .  ;         .

3. ,  , ,    55- .

4.          (   ),   

5.     -  ,    ,    ,       .   ,   55- υ". [14]

   ,       (23 ).   ,   4-   16     142   . [15]       ,     22  40-50  .

        .   ,    ,           .         . ,    PZL -11  PZL -24  ,    -    -15. ,            - . (T.Moscu)  5-   (Grupul 5 Vinatoare),    .

 -2  .     

Ju 88A-4  KG 51 ""

  112,     -16 67- ,   -       . [16]

      ( .-- ..,   - ..)   .  1  3  22           : "  1  ",    3         .             ,    .      ,     - ..          .   ,      .       :     ,      .     ,   .   ,    ,    .

 4-   6-  KG 4 - . (H.Lange)          ,      .   . "",    - (Zilistrea),      ,      ,       .        ,       .

     -,   -   - ..  . - ...        .           .     96-  ,   - ..   -15   -     .   ,               . [17]

 ,           .   ,                 .

 

    ,           1200 ,  ,        . [18, 19]       . ,    .    ,    ,     ,  ,        .        ,      .    ?

 ,       . ,  10-       74-  - .      . 123-       ,  33-  -  .     Bf 109     ,     ,   40-   21 -16  5 -153. [20]   .

         ,    ,     .          ,      -  ,      ,        . ,  122-            .  ,        ,   .

      ,       .  :    -  .       ,   -   ,       -3  -1      .    ,    -18 (     -3),     ,   ,     .  ,           .    ..,     "   ": -16, -15, -153, . [21]       ""   .

         .     , .., ..,    28-  - ..,        - .     , , , 67- ,      114      6 . [11]

  112  

       ,  28-             "".      - ., ., ..       -- . (W.Stange)  III/JG3 -  .

        ,     , , .       ,     . ,   JG 51   1941 .        ,    : . (J.Priller) - 20 , . (.) - 17 , . (H.Staiger) 12  . [22]    ,       -   .            ,        ,  , , .

           .    ,          .         2298500  SD-2  1152950  SD-10 [23],           .        ,   360 SD-2  60-70 SD-10.        -250,     Ju 87, Bf 109, Bf 110  . -250  96 SD-2  17 SD-10  ,    .         500 ,    -  .          ,     , ,     .    . (H.Nowarra), "        ". [24]    ,   SD-2   SD-10         .  ,         Ju 88A   Do 17Z,  2-  .     .

  ,   ,  ..          .    ,  ,  ,  ,       . ,          10-   : "   .  ,  . ". [20]           .

      .              6  44 .   ? "    , -     . -, , ,          ,  , , ". [25]   10   ..    3-         ,    13  40     .  ,        .

      .        ...  ,  17   -   ,    : "  ,        :   ,     ?      :   -  - .    ,            :    ,     ,   -        ". [26]

       

  ,    1939 .  22  1941 .  500        ,  .. 152  -  1941 .           ,       ,    .       ,    .  "       ",        .      . ,    ,   22-      . ,  374-   ,        ,        ,  ,      .

   .   ,    ,      ,     1136  ( .. 10    )     . [11]       : 1200  .   ,    ,  322       1489   . [27] ,             .        ,             .         ,      .   ,       ,       .

           22     . ,   -       973    -  1497   - -  1452. [28]  3922.  ,           .   :            ,   ?! ,           .            .

-2  

 ,     ,       ,   ,   ,      - ,   ! ,  64-    64 -3, 175 -16  -153 (   246-  247- )    5   75      . [29]  -    ,     23     .          " ".  ,       - ..,  31  1941 .    5240 (!) ,     . [30]             ;        .

   ,         6000 - (, ,     ,   )    200  . [31]   ,        35 . [27]            .      , .. ,      22  " "   .  1944 .     - X.     ,  , ,    ,    . , ,     35 ,  - 12,  , , 10,        35.      ,     " "           .   ,          :    . [32]

   Bundesarchiv  ,   ,      63  [33]:

   ,     .         Do 17. , -,     .

  ,   . (J.Prien) ,        . , 18  1940 .   77   163   ,  15  1940 . -  61  188;         133   .

 -16         

[34]   ,                 ,      ,    .  22  1941 ., ,   III/JG 3  "",   ,       .

    , ,   , ,   1942 .   1944.,       50-60 .               - 57       . (  120   23  1942 .  , 145  2  1943 .  ,              - .)            ,     .       50  250,    ,      ,    .

     . ,       . , ,  - ..   , ,      67      (  ,        78).     - (        ) ,  "  65  ",      - 76. [5]  ,         57 ,    .

      .  ,   ,     . 143      [35]         ,   ,  -     .             .   9-   85  [36],         .             , -    ,         . [37]  ,    22        .

, ,    "  ",  ,       .   

.      "    "  .. : "   4 .   ,  - "  16-   ,   ,    ..      (  , - . )          Me 110.  ,   ,       "".    ,          ".[2]         : "        3- .  ,          :    .  6  50            .      ,      Me 110 -        .     ,   ,  .

 ,    ,        .      .    32 . Me 110-         .     ,     .    , ..      .

   9  -   ,     6   15 .                ." [38]

    ,   ,  ,            .           . ,     ..       111  7-   KG 55 "",  - . (H.Wohlfeil);     .     "-"    -    46- .          . [39]

  67-   - ..

 20-  .. ( )

  , 5-   35    27  .        .    KG 51 "".     : "     20.23        -   : 60  (15 !)       ,          50% .        .  5-  " " -   .     ,      .            ". [9]

    .      10  1941 .      .[40]     .      - . (M.Stadelmeier),  II/KG 51, 22     .       - . (H.Bretnutz) -  II/JG 53.    ,     ,   " "   1940 . (    ).       40-     ,       .       ,          .[41]

      55- . , , 1941 .

    JG 27 - . (W.Schellmann)   .                   -  . ,     . [27, 41]        . (H.Ring)  . (W.Girbig).[42]   ,  JG 27     "" (-16)       .      ,        Bf 109       13    -   .   ,      " "  "    " -   -           (  ).         .     -:   ,       . - ..  127-    ""   .[43] ,      -16,   -153,            .

  ,    ,         .     ,    1941 .  .      20-   : "-  ,  ,       ,         .        18       ".[5]     , - ..    2-  ,  6-    .   1945 .     252    5   .         1945 .   ,  ..  ...[44]   1941 .    46-     316-   .            ..  ..,       .      .                .

   

1. , .217, .142688, .1, .2, 4, 16.

2. ...     . ., 1981.

3. , .35, .92860, .28, .8-18.

4. , .229, .181, .47, .7.

5.   . .,1944.

6. , .229, .213, .12, .13,14.

7. , .35, .30802, .32, .1-32.

8. Dierich W. Kampfgeschwader 51 "Edelweis". Stuttgart, 1973.

9. Bruiting G. Das waren die deutschen Kampflieger-Asse 1939-1945. Stuttgart, 1974.

10. ...   . ., 1977.

11. ...      -   -  1941 . ., 1961.

12. Groehler . Geschichte des Luftkriegs. Berlin, 1981.

13. , .35, .30799, .2, .41.

14. , .20076, .1, .8, .7.

15. /, RL8/31 "Lagebericht v.22.6.41".

16. , .20078, .1, ., .29.

17. ...     . , 1982.

18.    (  ..), ., 1988.

19. , .32, ,11302, .65, . 203-211.

20. , .20050, .1, .1, .4, 5.

21. , 1, 1994, .29.

22. G.Aders. Jagdgeschwader 51 "Molders", Stuttgart, 1973.

23. Kriegstagebuch des OberkommadosderWehrmacht Bd.1, Frankfurt/ M,1961.

24. H.Nowarra. Luftwaffen-Einsatz "Barbarosa" 1941, Podzum. 1990.

25. .., ...    , ., 1991. 26...   , ., 1960.

27. Ch.Shores. Luftwaffe figher units Russia 1941-45, Osprey, 1978.

28.  : , .35, . 107559, .6, .4-6, 40-82.

29. , .359, .6435, .1, .2.

30. , .35 .

31. , .35, on.11285, .205, .2.

32. , .35, .11280, .798, .182.

33. Bundesarchiv, Freiburg GQM, 6.Abt.,RI 2/1185.

34. J.Prien. Einsatz des Jagdgeschwader 77 von 1939 bis 1945, Ham burg, 1993.

35. , .35, .3802, .15, .80.

36. , .35, .11285, .23, .16.

37. , 1, 1994, .28.

38. , .35, .11321, .50, .156.

39. W.Dierich. Kampfgeshwader 55 "Grif", Stuttgart, 1975.

40. , .35, on.11280, .51, .70.

41. E.Obermaier. Die Ritterkreutztrager der luftwaffe Bd.1.

42. H.Ring, W.Girbig. Jagdgeschwader 27, Stuttgart, 1978.

43.   , 6, 1991.

44. ...  . ., 1990.



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